The proposed project – 'Farmer FIRST' is an ICAR initiative to move beyond the production and productivity, to privilege the small holder agriculture and complex, diverse and risk prone realities of majority of the farmers through enhancing farmers-scientists contact.
Explanation: Pietro de'Crescenzi is the father of agronomy.
Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) is an agricultural extension centre created by Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) and its affiliated institutions at the district level to provide various types of farm support to the agricultural sector.
The word 'Extension' is derived from the Latin roots in which 'tensio' meaning 'stretching and 'ex' meaning 'out'. The term Extension Education was first coined in the year 1873 by Cambridge University in England.
MS Swaminathan, known as the 'Father of Green Revolution' was born on August 7, 1925. Swaminathan developed high-yielding varieties (HYV) of wheat and later, promoted sustainable development which he called, the 'evergreen revolution'.
Dr.Seeman A.Knapp is known as father of method demonstration.
Published by the National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE) (An Organisation of the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India) Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 500030, Telangana State, India.
The 'Training, and Visit System' of new agricultural extension was initially developed by Daniel Benor. This programme was first used extensively by the World Bank in India in early 1970s, following a field trail in a project in Turkey.
Agricultural extension is the process whereby the results of research are taken to farmers and problems of farmers taken to research institutions for solution (Unamma, 2000). Agricultural extension services are carried out by trained staff of extension agencies referred to as extension agents.
The agricultural extension participatory approach. This approach often focuses on the expressed needs of farmers' groups and its goal is increased production and an improved quality of rural life. Implementation is often decentralized and flexible. The farming systems development approach.
The first KVK, on a pilot basis, was established in 1974 at Puducherry (Pondicherry) under the administrative control of the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) Scheme was launched during 2005-06. promote extension delivery consistent with farming systems approach and extension needs emerging through Strategic Research and Extension Plan (SREP).
The word extension is derived from the latin roots 'ex' - meaning 'out' and 'tensio' meaning 'stretching'. Stretching out is the meaning of extension. The word 'extension' came to be used originally in USA during 1914.
Notes: Lab to land Programme was Launched in 1979 by ICAR(Indian Council for agricultural research). The programme intends to improve the economic condition of small, marginal farmers and landless agricultural labourers.
The Agricultural Technology Information Centre (ATIC) is a “single window†support system linking the various units of a research institution with intermediary users and end users (farmers) in decision making and problem solving exercise.
PRA
| Acronym | Definition |
|---|
| PRA | Program Review Authority |
| PRA | Personal Refund Authority |
| PRA | Pay Record Accessibility |
| PRA | Primary Retinal Atrophy |
PRA is a good method which can be used to understand the village/area. As stated earlier, PRA helps to analyze local problems and formulate tentative solutions with local stakeholders. It makes use of wide range of visualization methods such as mapping, diagramming, etc.
The PRA has three statutory objectives: to promote the safety and soundness of these firms; and. to contribute to the securing of an appropriate degree of protection for policyholders (for insurers). to facilitate effective competitions between firms.
The major difference is that PRA emphasizes processes that empower local people, whereas RRA is mainly seen as a means for outsiders to gather information.
Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) is a process of understanding people, their resources, their socio-economic conditions and a process of exploring their problems, their aspirations and potentials in partnership with people themselves. PRA is an integral component of watershed management (Winnegge, 2005).
[1] N.Narayanasamy, Participatory Rural Appraisal: Principles, Methods and Application (New Delhi, India: SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd, 2009), 25. [2] Robert Chambers, "The Origins and Practice of Participatory Rural Appraisal," World Development 22, no. 7 (July 1994): 954-957.
• PRA : Participatory Rural Appraisal Components:
- – People.
- – Knowledge.
- – Participation.
- – Planning.
- – Action.
Participatory rural appraisal (PRA) is a family of approaches and methods to enable rural people to share, enhance & analyze their knowledge of life & conditions, to plan & to act. Also known as Participatory Learning and Action (PLA).
Originally used to better understand issues in rural settings, PRA derives from five methodological approaches: activist participatory research; agroecosystem analysis; applied anthropology; field research on farming systems and rapid rural appraisal (Chambers 1994).
There are three main types of education, namely, Formal, Informal and Non-formal.
The agricultural extension in the Philippines even started during the Spanish colonization period through the establishment of the model farms or the “Granjas Modelos†that were later transformed into Settlement Farm Schools (Serrano, 1987).
It provides information to farmers and passes to the farmers new ideas developed by agricultural research stations. Agricultural extension programmes cover a broad area including improved crop varieties, better livestock control, improved water management, and the control of weeds, pests or plant diseases.
Successful extension agents need several specific qualities. You need excellent public speaking skills, and you should be comfortable working with large groups of people. You must understand agricultural education practices, family and consumer science, and have a knack for writing and building presentations.
Education is usually referring to formal education institutions delivering a planned curriculum leading to a degree or diploma before entering the workforce. Extension is usually referring to planned educational programs designed to meet the needs of people in the workforce.
The phrase "hidden curriculum" was reportedly coined by Philip W.Jackson (Life In Classrooms, 1968). He argued that we need to understand "education" as a socialization process.
The philosophy of extension work is based on the importance of an individual in the promotion of progress for rural people and for the nation. Extension Educators should work with people to help them, develop themselves and achieve superior well-being.
The school system in India has four levels: lower primary (age 6 to 10), upper primary (11 and 12), high (13 to 15) and higher secondary (17 and 18).
The semi-formal curriculum recognises that some young people have a range of complex learning difficulties and disabilities; and it is this combination of two or more challenges that the curriculum is designed to meet by a personalised learning approach based on.
