Acids react quickly with carbonates. In this experiment, a chemical change occurs when the acid (vinegar or lemon juice) reacts with the calcium carbonate (chalk). In this chemical change, a new substance is produced: the gas carbon dioxide that produces the fizzing bubbles.
Calcium carbonate will dissolve quickly in a strong acid, like hydrochloric, even if it is dilute and therefore not so dangerous.
When calcium carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid, carbon dioxide gas is produced.
Chalk plus hydrochloric acid give calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.
Second, micrite reacts with acid, chert does not. Chert forms in many associations, from clastics to carbonates. Cherts typically form in places where clastic influx is low (i.e. clastic starved), or in carbonate environments.
This means that the calcium carbonate does not affect the rate of reaction, only the concentration of the hydrochloric acid does. The rate will decrease over time as the hydrochloric acid is used up (its concentration decreases).
The chemical composition of chalk is calcium carbonate, with minor amounts of silt and clay. It is formed in the sea by sub-microscopic plankton, which fall to the sea floor and are then consolidated and compressed during diagenesis into chalk rock.
Acids react with most metals to form a salt and hydrogen gas. For example, zinc metal reacts with hydrochloric acid producing zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.
All the metals react with dilute hydrochloric acid to give bubbles of hydrogen and a colourless solution of the metal chloride. As you might expect for elements in this part of the Periodic Table, the reactions get more vigorous as you go down the Group.
Copper and mercury metal does not react with dilute hydrochloric acid as it comes after hydrogen in the activity series, i.e., they can't replace hydrogen from hydrochloric acid..
Adding magnesium metal to hydrochloric acid produces hydrogen gas. The magnesium dissolves to form magnesium chloride, MgCl2.
Magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid according to the equation: Mg(s) + 2 HCl(aq) --> MgCl 2(aq) + H 2(g) This demonstration can be used to illustrate the characteristic reaction of metals with acid, a single replacement reaction, or to demonstrate the generation of hydrogen gas.
It's used industrially to process steel, the material of choice for suspension bridges and cars and trucks. Hydrochloric acid is also used in the production of batteries, photoflash bulbs and fireworks. It's even used to process sugar and make gelatin.
Zinc metal reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.
Acids. Hydrochloric acid dissolves the less active metals, such as zinc and magnesium, easily. It dissolves the more-resistant iron, copper and related metals less easily, or not at all. Other chemicals, such as nitric acid, will dissolve some metals that hydrochloric acid will not.
Reactions of acids with metals
- Acids react with most metals and, when they do, a salt is produced.
- This is the general word equation for the reaction:
- For example, magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce magnesium chloride:
- magnesium + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride + hydrogen.
Marble chips react with dilute hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas.
The easiest way to test for hydrochloric acid is with silver nitrate solution. Add silver nitrate solution to the test solution in a test tube and observe the reaction. If a white precipitate forms, hydrochloric acid is present.
A good way to ensure that one reactant fully reacts is to use an excess of the other reactant. This is financially efficient when one of the reactants is very cheap. When one reactant is in excess, there will always be some left over.
In the reaction, HCl + K2CO3 -> KCl + CO2 + H2O, bubbles of carbon dioxide gas are produced. This is an example of a carbonate-acid reaction, which in itself is a double-replacement reaction followed by a decomposition reaction.
A gas produced in a chemical reaction can be collected by water displacement. Because the gas is collected over water, it is not pure but is mixed with vapor from the evaporation of the water. Dalton's law can be used to calculate the amount of the desired gas by subtracting the contribution of the water vapor.
Carbon dioxide reacts with calcium hydroxide solution to produce a white precipitate of calcium carbonate. Limewater is a solution of calcium hydroxide. If carbon dioxide is bubbled through limewater, the limewater turns milky or cloudy white.
Marble chips are made up of by calcium carbonate. When they are treated with HCl, carbon dioxide gas is formed along with water and calcium chloride. CaCO3+HCl→CaCl2+H2O+CO2.
Reaction with acidsLike all metal carbonates, calcium carbonate reacts with acidic solutions to produce carbon dioxide gas. It is this reaction that is responsible for limestone fizzing when dilute hydrochloric acid is placed on its surface.
Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2, is a strong base, though it is not as strong as the hydroxides of strontium, barium or the alkali metals. All four dihalides of calcium are known.
