In kWh billing system, the incentives/ penalties are levied on Power Factor. Electric power has two components – active power (kWh) and reactive power (kVArh). In kVAh based billing system, the fixed charges or demand charges are levied on apparent power (kVA) and energy charges are levied on apparent energy (kVAh).
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- Current meter reading – Meter reading reported from last month's bill = Total kWh used since last reading.
- Total kWh used since last reading x Charge per kWh = Total energy charge.
- Total energy charge + Fixed monthly fees = Final bill.
To arrive at actual consumption of customer, consumption registered by meter is multiplied by proportionality factor which is called Multiplying factor or MF. The ratio for CT & VT for a particular customer is designed in accordance with customer's load requirement and load pattern.
Power Factor
- Apparent power (kVA) x power factor (pf) = actual power (kW)
- e.g. 100 kVA x 0.8 = 80 kW.
- The formula for converting kW into kVA is:
- Actual power (kW) / power factor (pf) = apparent power (kVA)
- 1 ton = 200 BTU/minute.
- 1 ton = 12,000 BTU/hour.
- 1 ton = 3.517 kilowatts.
It is also the ratio of useful power expressed in kilowatts (KW) to total power expressed in kilowatt-amperes (KVA). Power factor is usually expressed as a decimal or as a percentage. Example: 60 KWk PF = 0.60 = 60% =100 KVA Kilowatts = 60 KW, KVA = 100 KVA.
Maximum demand register (kW or kVA). This is the maximum power value, usually the average of 15 minutes, reached during the billing period (this average time may vary depending on the country). Once the value is higher than the contracted power, the customer will pay a penalty on the electricity bill.
This therefore gives us: Power Factor = Real Power/Apparent Power, or p.f. = W/VA. Then the cosine of the resulting angle between the current and voltage is the power factor. Generally power factor is expressed as a percentage, for example 95%, but can also be expressed as a decimal value, for example 0.95.
A KVA is simply 1,000 volt amps. A volt is electrical pressure. An amp is electrical current. A term called apparent power (the absolute value of complex power, S) is equal to the product of the volts and amps. When the voltage and current of a circuit coincide, the real power is equal to the apparent power.
The primary difference between kW (kilowatt) and kVA (kilovolt-ampere) is the power factor. kW is the unit of real power and kVA is a unit of apparent power (or real power plus re-active power). To determine the kW and kVa ratio the formula below is used.
The ratio between the VA (i.e. rms volts time rms amps) and Watts is called the power factor PF. In other words, volt-amps x power factor = watts. Similarly, KVA*PF = KW, Or kilovolt-amps times power factor equals kilowatts.
Copper losses (I²R) depends on current which passing through transformer winding while Iron losses or core losses or Insulation losses depends on Voltage. That's why the transformer rating may be expressed in VA or kVA, not in W or kW.
In this question power factor is not given and hence we can not find out the KVA corresponding to 7000 watts or 7 KW. Assuming the power factor of the load is 0.8, then 7 KW = KVA * 0.8, and hence KVA = 7 /0.8 = 8.75.
A key thing to remember is that low power factor does not increase your energy use (or kWh). This means that if the only thing you are billed for is energy that improving the power factor will not have any benefit to your billing.
A unit cost is a total expenditure incurred by a company to produce, store, and sell one unit of a particular product or service. Unit costs are synonymous with cost of goods sold (COGS). This accounting measure includes all of the fixed and variable costs associated with the production of a good or service.
The Tamil Nadu Electricity Regulatory Commission (TNERC) has suggested a tariff of ₹6.54 per unit for 2020-21 and ₹6.79 per unit for 2021-22 for the procurement of biomass power by Tamil Nadu Generation and Distribution Corporation (Tangedco).
The basic unit of electricity is the Kilowatt hour (kWh). In simple terms, 1 kWh is the amount of energy used by a 1kW (1000 watt) electric heater for 1 hour. Another example is ten 100-watt light bulbs used for 1 hour.
How to check TNEB Bill Status Online?
- Visit the webpage for TNEB at the TANGEDCO website.
- Find the choice of 'Billing Services' at the focal point of the page.
- Under the Billing Services, select the option of 'Bill Status'.
- Another page will show up with the related fields.
- Enter your service number.
